Practice modes
Languages & Literature
Pakistan
World & History
The constitutional rights and obligations of non-Muslim citizens of Pakistan, and the institutions that protect them.
3 of 3 rights of non-muslims (1973 constitution)
Constitutional guarantees for minorities
The Constitution of Pakistan guarantees non-Muslim citizens freedom of religion, equality before the law, protection from discrimination, safeguards in education and employment, their own personal laws, and reserved seats in the legislatures.
Equal duties of citizenship
Non-Muslim citizens share the same basic obligations as all citizens of Pakistan: loyalty to the state, obedience to the constitution and law, and respect for the rights of others.
Institutions, judgments, challenges and way forward
Beyond the constitution, laws, institutions and court judgments aim to protect minorities, though significant challenges remain.