From Muhammad bin Qasim's conquest of Sindh (712), through the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal emperors, to the Pakistan Movement to every Governor-General, President and Prime Minister of Pakistan. Select a name for tenure dates, achievements, key events, legacy and how their rule ended.
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| Name | Born – Died | Era | Title / tenure | Party / dynasty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammad bin Qasim | c. 695 – 715 | Before the Mughals | Umayyad general; conqueror of Sindh and Multan (711–715) | Umayyad Caliphate |
| Sabuktigin | c. 942 – 997 | Before the Mughals | Founder of Ghaznavid power; ruler of Ghazni (977–997) | Ghaznavid dynasty |
| Mahmud of Ghazni | 971 – 1030 | Before the Mughals | Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (998–1030); led 17 invasions of India | Ghaznavid dynasty |
| Muhammad of Ghor | c. 1149 – 1206 | Before the Mughals | Sultan of the Ghurid Empire; founder of lasting Muslim rule in Delhi | Ghurid dynasty |
| Qutb-ud-din Aibak | c. 1150 – 1210 | Before the Mughals | Founder of the Delhi Sultanate; 1st Sultan, Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty (1206–1210) | Mamluk (Slave) dynasty |
| Iltutmish | c. 1175 – 1236 | Before the Mughals | 3rd Sultan of Delhi, Mamluk Dynasty (1211–1236) | Mamluk (Slave) dynasty |
| Ghiyasuddin Balban | c. 1200 – 1287 | Before the Mughals | 9th Sultan of Delhi, Mamluk Dynasty (1266–1287) | Mamluk (Slave) dynasty |
| Razia Sultana | 1205 – 1240 | Before the Mughals | 4th Ruler of Delhi, Mamluk Dynasty (1236–1240); only female Sultan of Delhi | Mamluk (Slave) dynasty |
| Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq | unknown (13th century) – 1325 | Before the Mughals | Founder & 1st Sultan, Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1325) | Tughlaq dynasty |
| Alauddin Khalji | c. 1266 – 1316 | Before the Mughals | 2nd Sultan of Delhi, Khalji Dynasty (1296–1316) | Khalji dynasty |
| Muhammad bin Tughluq | c. 1290 – 1351 | Before the Mughals | 2nd Sultan, Tughlaq Dynasty (1325–1351) | Tughlaq dynasty |
| Firoz Shah Tughlaq | 1309 – 1388 | Before the Mughals | 3rd Sultan, Tughlaq Dynasty (1351–1388) | Tughlaq dynasty |
| Bahlul Lodi | unknown (early 15th century) – 1489 | Before the Mughals | Founder & 1st Sultan, Lodi Dynasty (1451–1489) | Lodi dynasty |
| Sikandar Lodi | 1458 – 1517 | Before the Mughals | 2nd Sultan, Lodi Dynasty (1489–1517) | Lodi dynasty |
| Ibrahim Lodi | unknown (late 15th century) – 1526 | Before the Mughals | 3rd and last Sultan, Lodi Dynasty (1517–1526) | Lodi dynasty |
| Babur | 1483 – 1530 | Mughal Empire | 1st Mughal Emperor (1526–1530) | Timurid dynasty |
| Humayun | 1508 – 1556 | Mughal Empire | 2nd Mughal Emperor (1530–1540, 1555–1556) | Timurid dynasty |
| Akbar | 1542 – 1605 | Mughal Empire | 3rd Mughal Emperor (1556–1605), "Akbar the Great" | Timurid dynasty |
| Jahangir | 1569 – 1627 | Mughal Empire | 4th Mughal Emperor (1605–1627) | Timurid dynasty |
| Shah Jahan | 1592 – 1666 | Mughal Empire | 5th Mughal Emperor (1628–1658) | Timurid dynasty |
| Aurangzeb | 1618 – 1707 | Mughal Empire | 6th Mughal Emperor (1658–1707) | Timurid dynasty |
| Bahadur Shah I | 14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712 | Mughal Empire | 10th Mughal Emperor (1707–1712) | Timurid dynasty |
| Azam Shah | 28 June 1653 – 20 June 1707 | Mughal Empire | 9th Mughal Emperor (14 March – 20 June 1707) | Timurid dynasty |
| Jahandar Shah | 9 May 1661 – 11 February 1713 | Mughal Empire | 11th Mughal Emperor (1712–1713) | Timurid dynasty |
| Farrukhsiyar | 20 August 1685 – 1719 | Mughal Empire | 12th Mughal Emperor (1713–1719) | Timurid dynasty |
| Shah Jahan II | 1696 – 17 September 1719 | Mughal Empire | 14th Mughal Emperor (6 June – 17 September 1719) | Timurid dynasty |
| Alamgir II | 6 June 1699 – 29 November 1759 | Mughal Empire | 17th Mughal Emperor (1754–1759) | Timurid dynasty |
| Rafi ud-Darajat | 1699 – 6 June 1719 | Mughal Empire | 13th Mughal Emperor (28 February – 6 June 1719) | Timurid dynasty |
| Muhammad Shah | 1702 – 26 April 1748 | Mughal Empire | 15th Mughal Emperor (1719–1748) | Timurid dynasty |
| Shah Jahan III | 1711 – 1772 | Mughal Empire | 18th Mughal Emperor (1759–1760) | Timurid dynasty |
| Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 23 December 1725 – 1775 | Mughal Empire | 16th Mughal Emperor (1748–1754) | Timurid dynasty |
| Shah Alam II | 25 June 1728 – 19 November 1806 | Mughal Empire | 19th Mughal Emperor (1760–1788, 1788–1806) | Timurid dynasty |
| Jahan Shah (Mahmud Shah Bahadur) | c. 1749 – 1790 | Mughal Empire | Rival claimant during Shah Alam II's deposition (31 July – 11 October 1788) | Timurid dynasty |
| Akbar Shah II | 22 April 1760 – 28 September 1837 | Mughal Empire | 20th Mughal Emperor (1806–1837) | Timurid dynasty |
| Bahadur Shah II | 1775 – 1862 | Mughal Empire | Last Mughal Emperor (1837–1857) | Timurid dynasty |
| Sir Syed Ahmad Khan | 1817 – 1898 | Pakistan Movement | Founder of the Aligarh Movement; ideological precursor to the Pakistan Movement | — |
| A. K. Fazlul Huq | 1873 – 1962 | Pakistan Movement | Mover of the Lahore Resolution (1940); Premier of Bengal | All-India Muslim League / Krishak Praja Party |
| Muhammad Ali Jinnah | 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948 | Governor-General | 1st Governor-General of Pakistan (1947–1948); Quaid-e-Azam | All-India Muslim League |
| Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy | 1892 – 1963 | Prime Minister | 5th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1956–1957) | Awami League |
| Feroz Khan Noon | 1893 – 1970 | Prime Minister | 7th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957–1958) | Republican Party |
| Fatima Jinnah | 1893 – 1967 | Pakistan Movement | Madar-e-Millat ("Mother of the Nation") | All-India Muslim League |
| Khawaja Nazimuddin | 1894 – 1964 | Governor-General | 2nd Governor-General of Pakistan (1948–1951); later 2nd Prime Minister (1951–1953) | Muslim League |
| Liaquat Ali Khan | 1895 – 1951 | Prime Minister | 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (1947–1951) | All-India Muslim League |
| Ghulam Muhammad | 1895 – 1956 | Governor-General | 3rd Governor-General of Pakistan (1951–1955) | — |
| Nurul Amin | 1897 – 1974 | Prime Minister | 8th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1971, 13 days) | Pakistan Democratic Party |
| Chaudhry Rahmat Ali | 1897 – 1951 | Pakistan Movement | Coined the name "Pakistan" | — |
| Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar | 1897 – 1960 | Prime Minister | 6th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957) | Muslim League |
| Iskander Mirza | 1899 – 1969 | Governor-General | 4th and last Governor-General (1955–1956); 1st President of Pakistan (1956–1958) | — |
| Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry | 1904 – 1982 | President | 5th President of Pakistan (1973–1978) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Chaudhry Muhammad Ali | 1905 – 1980 | Prime Minister | 4th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1955–1956) | Muslim League |
| Ayub Khan | 1907 – 1974 | President | 2nd President of Pakistan (1958–1969) | Pakistan Muslim League (Convention) |
| Muhammad Ali Bogra | 1909 – 1963 | Prime Minister | 3rd Prime Minister of Pakistan (1953–1955) | Muslim League |
| Ghulam Ishaq Khan | 1915 – 2006 | President | 7th President of Pakistan (1988–1993) | — |
| Yahya Khan | 1917 – 1980 | President | 3rd President of Pakistan (1969–1971) | — |
| Zia-ul-Haq | 1924 – 1988 | President | 6th President of Pakistan (1978–1988) | — |
| Zulfikar Ali Bhutto | 1928 – 1979 | Prime Minister | 4th President (1971–1973); 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Rafiq Tarar | 1929 – 2022 | President | 9th President of Pakistan (1998–2001) | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |
| Muhammad Khan Junejo | 1932 – 1993 | Prime Minister | 10th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985–1988) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| Mamnoon Hussain | 1940 – 2021 | President | 12th President of Pakistan (2013–2018) | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |
| Farooq Leghari | 1940 – 2010 | President | 8th President of Pakistan (1993–1997) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Pervez Musharraf | 1943 – 2023 | President | 10th President of Pakistan (2001–2008) | — |
| Zafarullah Khan Jamali | 1944 – 2020 | Prime Minister | 15th Prime Minister of Pakistan (2002–2004) | Pakistan Muslim League (Q) |
| Shaukat Aziz | 1949 – — | Prime Minister | 17th Prime Minister of Pakistan (2004–2007) | Pakistan Muslim League (Q) |
| Nawaz Sharif | 1949 – — | Prime Minister | 12th, 14th and 17th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993, 1997–1999, 2013–2017) | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |
| Arif Alvi | 1949 – — | President | 13th President of Pakistan (2018–2024) | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
| Raja Pervez Ashraf | 1950 – — | Prime Minister | 19th Prime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Shehbaz Sharif | 1951 – — | Prime Minister | 23rd and 25th Prime Minister of Pakistan (2022–2023, 2024–present) | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |
| Yousaf Raza Gillani | 1952 – — | Prime Minister | 18th Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Imran Khan | 1952 – — | Prime Minister | 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022) | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
| Benazir Bhutto | 1953 – 2007 | Prime Minister | 11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990, 1993–1996) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Asif Ali Zardari | 1955 – — | President | 11th and 14th President of Pakistan (2008–2013, 2024–present) | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Shahid Khaqan Abbasi | 1958 – — | Prime Minister | 21st Prime Minister of Pakistan (2017–2018) | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |