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Discovering macroscopic quantum tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit
Quantum effects such as 'tunnelling' through barriers are usually seen only in single particles. Using a superconducting circuit, the three showed that a whole electrical circuit can tunnel and absorb energy in fixed amounts, like a giant atom. This underlies today's superconducting quantum computers.
Their 1980s experiments at the University of California, Berkeley, showed quantum effects in a circuit large enough to hold in the hand, laying groundwork for superconducting quantum computers.