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Work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the effect named after him (the Raman effect)
Raman found that when light passes through a transparent substance, a small part is scattered with a changed wavelength that reveals information about the molecules. This 'Raman scattering' is the basis of Raman spectroscopy, used in chemistry, medicine and materials science.
Physicist from Tiruchirappalli who did his prize-winning work in Calcutta.