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Inductive method, Novum Organum, father of empiricism and the scientific method
Bacon rejected reasoning from first principles (as the Scholastics did) in favour of building knowledge upward from careful observation, experiment and the patient accumulation of particular facts — the inductive method. He saw this as the route to a new, practical science that would give humanity mastery over nature.
English lawyer, statesman and Lord Chancellor under James I, who was eventually disgraced over charges of corruption but remained influential as a philosopher of science.