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"Cogito ergo sum", father of modern philosophy, rationalism
Seeking a foundation for knowledge that could survive total doubt, Descartes resolved to reject anything that could possibly be false, until he reached one thing he could not doubt: the fact that he was thinking — "cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am). From this one certainty he tried to rebuild all knowledge using reason alone, making the mind, not the senses, the ultimate source of certain truth.
French mathematician and philosopher, often called the father of modern philosophy, who spent much of his working life in the Dutch Republic.