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Vanguard party, the Bolshevik Revolution, Imperialism
Lenin adapted Marxism to conditions Marx had not fully anticipated — a largely agrarian Russia and a global system of imperialism — arguing a small, disciplined "vanguard party" of professional revolutionaries must lead and organize the working class to seize power, rather than wait for capitalism to collapse on its own. He also argued imperialism was capitalism's highest and final stage, exporting capital and exploitation to colonies to delay its own collapse at home.
Russian revolutionary and theorist who led the Bolshevik Party and became the first head of government of the Soviet Union after the 1917 October Revolution.